Which aircraft has the right-of-way over all other air traffic?

The aircraft in distress has the right-of-way over all other air traffic because it is considered to be in a critical situation that requires immediate assistance or a safe landing. In aviation regulations, prioritizing the safety of an aircraft experiencing difficulties ensures that it can receive the necessary attention and avoid further complications. This principle is rooted in the overarching goal of aviation safety, where the needs of a distressed aircraft must take precedence to prevent accidents and ensure a prompt resolution to the emergency situation.

In contrast, while other options such as balloons, landing aircraft, and taking-off aircraft also have established right-of-way rules, these are generally less critical compared to the situation of an aircraft in distress. The rules governing air traffic prioritize emergencies to protect lives and property, underscoring the importance of addressing distress signals promptly.