How can we define an achievement toward which effort is directed?

A goal can be defined as an achievement toward which effort is directed because it encapsulates a specific target or endpoint that individuals or organizations strive to reach. Goals are often quantifiable, allowing for a clear measure of success upon completion. They serve to provide direction and a focal point for efforts and resources, enabling individuals or teams to prioritize their activities effectively.

In contrast, objectives tend to involve more specific, actionable steps that lead to achieving a broader goal. While closely related to goals, objectives are often utilized as milestones within a goal-setting framework.

Purpose generally refers to the underlying reason or motivation for pursuing a goal rather than the goal itself. It encompasses the 'why' behind actions taken, rather than describing the target achievement.

An aim is often used interchangeably with goal but is typically broader and less specific. It may represent a general direction or intention without the same level of focus or clarity in terms of measurable outcomes.

Thus, among the choices provided, the term "goal" best fits the definition of an achievement toward which effort is directed, as it reflects a clear target meant to be attained through directed action.